Niacin

Niacin, also known as Vitamin B3, is a water-soluble nutrient essential for various bodily functions. It plays a critical role in converting food into energy, supporting cellular metabolism, and maintaining the health of the skin, nervous system, and digestive tract. Niacin exists in two primary forms: nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, both of which are used by the body to produce coenzymes involved in biochemical reactions.

This vitamin is naturally found in foods such as meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, nuts, legumes, and fortified grains. It can also be synthesized in small amounts from the amino acid tryptophan, which is present in protein-rich diets. Deficiency in niacin may lead to a condition called pellagra, characterized by symptoms like dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and, in severe cases, death.

Medically, niacin is used to treat or prevent niacin deficiency and manage high cholesterol levels. At higher doses, it can help reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides while increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. However, such use requires medical supervision due to potential side effects, including flushing, itching, and liver damage.

Niacinamide, a derivative of niacin, is often used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory properties and ability to improve skin barrier function. It is employed to address conditions like acne, eczema, and signs of aging. In dietary supplements, niacin is commonly included to support overall metabolic health and energy production.

While niacin is generally safe at recommended doses, excessive intake can cause adverse effects. Common side effects include skin flushing, nausea, and elevated blood sugar levels. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting niacin supplementation, especially for therapeutic purposes, to ensure appropriate dosing and monitoring.